Hair care, the Ayurvedic way

Antimicrobial Effect- Arnica, especially thymol derivatives present in the plant, has been reported to be active against Streptococcus species of bacteria and various fungal species. Thymol derivatives mainly include 10-isobutyryl oxy-8, 9-dihydro-thymol and Thymol methyl ether, which were found to have an antimicrobial effect. Amla is another major ingredient which is abundant in polar and non-polar flavonoids, and tannins which show significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhi and other strains.

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Bhringraj extracts were found to be active against on a variety of strains of bacteria that include Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus vulgaris and funguses like Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Neem extract has antibacterial activity against strain of foodborne bacteria, suggesting that constituents of neem have significant antibacterial activity. Neem extract has also shown an antifungal effect on aspergillus, Rhizopus, C. lunata, H. pennisetti, and C. gloeosporioides f. sp. Mangiferae fungus. Extracts of hibiscus were found to be active against bacteria pathogenic to human [Gram positive (Corynebacterium diphtheria, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus capitis), and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis) and the antifungal effect was evaluated on candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

Lemongrass oil was evaluated against 22 strains of bacteria and 12 types of fungus. Lemongrass inhibited the growth of all bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, eugenol, a constituent of lemongrass, was found to be the most potent antifungal agent. Significant antimicrobial activity of Brahmi was observed on acillus amyloliquef aciens (MTCC 1270), Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC 1923), Vulgarica, Bacillus megaterium (MTCC 3353), Aspergillus niger (MTCC 281), Bacillus pumilus, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus. Essential oils from ginger, including oleoresin, were found to have significant antibacterial and antifungal activity on various strains when analyzed in-vitro.

Antifungal Effect- Nagarmoth essential oil, α and β pinene being the active constituent, at 0.2% was reported to have significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, Candida parapsilosis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium oxysporum. Fenugreek was found to be a potent antimicrobial against two most pathogenic bacteria S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has also been reported to have significant antifungal effects.

Bioactive compounds like girinimbine, murrayanine, marmesin-1 -O-beta-D’galactopyranoside, mahanine, murrayacine, mukoeic acid, murrayazolinine, girinimbilol, pyrafoline-D, and murrafoline-I are present in Curry plant. Girinimbine, murrayanine, and marmesin-1 -O-beta-D’galactopyranoside have notable antifungal activity. Koenine, koenigine, and mahanine extracted from curry leaves exhibited activities with MIC values of 3.12–12.5 μg/mL against bacterial strains S. aureus and K. pneumonia. Shikakai is found to be active against many strains of both bacteria and fungi using modified agar diffusion cup method.

Essential oil extracts from the rhizome of Kapur Kachi showed antimicrobial activity. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts showed inhibitory activity against gram (+), gram (-) bacterial cultures, including a strain of methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and fungal cultures. Terpenoid compositions of the rhizome of Kapur Kachi also showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Pasteurella multocida and Escherichia coli. Ethanol extract of fruits of Kapur Kachi was reported to possess antibacterial and antifungal properties against Salmonella species. Escherichia coli and filamentous fungi.

Studies have shown that plants of the genus Mentha possess significant antimicrobial activities, mainly due to the presence of oxygenated monoterpenes in their chemical composition. The essential oil of M. longifolia has shown interesting antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Aspergillus flavus, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton longifusus, Microsporum canis, and Mucor ramamnianus. One study on five flavonoids separated from M. longifolia extract showed that the quercetin-3-O-glucoside had the maximum antibacterial activity among the flavonoids tested. The essential oil of the plant showed fungistatic and fungicidal activity that was significantly higher than that of the costlier fungicide bifonazole. Menthol has been reported to be an antimicrobial and antifungal agent against ringworm and other fungal infestations of different kinds.

Extracts from the dried pericarp of Reetha fruits were investigated for their antifungal activity against clinical isolates of yeasts Candida albicans and C. non-albicans from vaginal secretions of women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Four clinical isolates of C. albicans, a single clinical isolated of each of the species C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and the strain of C. albicans ATCC 90028 were used. The hydroalcoholic extract was bioactivity-directed against a clinical isolate of C. parapsilosis and showed strong activity. The n-BuOH extract and one fraction showed strong activity against all isolates tested.

Senna leaf extract was subjected to a variety of strains of bacteria and fungi and found to have a significant Antimicrobial activity. extract of Shilajit at the concentration of 5000µg/ml was having excellent inhibitory activity against Alternaria cajani (95.12 % spore inhibition)

Anti Dandruff Effect- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, split-head evaluation of lemongrass essential oil was conducted on 30 individuals with level 3 dandruff on D-Squame® Scale. An application of 10% essential oil was found to be the most effective (81% reduction) by the 14th day. Fenugreek has lecithin as a major constituent which acts as a natural emollient, aids in strengthening and moisturization of hair, and it also has an anti-dandruff effect. Leaf and pods of Shikakai have a cleansing and anti-dandruff action on the scalp.

Antioxidant Effect- DPPH (2,20 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) free radical scavenging method and phosphomolybdate the method has been utilized to determine the antioxidant potential of the plant. At concentration of 5 mg/ml, A. montana shows 71.52% DPPH scavenging potential and 63.68% total antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdate method) which is mainly attributed due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds DPPH (2,20 -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) free radical scavenging method and phosphomolybdate the method has been utilized to determine the antioxidant the potential of the plant.

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At concentration of 5 mg/ml, A. montana shows 71.52% DPPH scavenging potential and 63.68% total antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdate method) which is mainly attributed due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds DPPH (2,20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) free radical scavenging method and phosphomolybdate the method has been utilized to determine the antioxidant the potential of the plant. At concentration of 5 mg/ml, A. montana shows 71.52% DPPH scavenging potential and 63.68% total antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdate method) which is mainly attributed due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds DPPH ‬(2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ‬radical) free ‬radical ‬scavenging ‬method ‬and ‬phosphomolybdate method ‬have ‬been ‬utilized ‬to ‬determine ‬the ‬antioxidant potential ‬of ‬Arnica. At ‬a concentration ‬of ‬5 ‬mg/ml, Arnica ‬shows 71.52% ‬DPPH ‬scavenging ‬potential ‬and‬ 63.68% ‬total ‬antioxidant ‬activity ‬(phosphomolybdate method) ‬which ‬is ‬mainly ‬attributed due ‬to ‬the ‬presence ‬of flavonoids ‬and ‬phenolic ‬compounds. Emblicanin A & B, Chebulinic acid, punigluconin and pedunculagin isolated from Amla were found to have significant antioxidant activity.

Bhringraj extract was evaluated for its antioxidant activity both on in-vitro and ex-vivo models. It was found that extract was a powerful scavenger of DPPH and nitric oxidase radical and was found to inhibit lipid peroxidation when tested on rat’s liver. Luteolin, a constituent of Bhringraj, was found to have an effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effect.

Neem has many antioxidant molecules making it a rich source of natural antioxidants. Azadirachtin and Nimbolide, isolated from neem, showed concentration-dependent antiradical scavenging activity and reductive potential in the following order: nimbolide > azadirachtin > ascorbate (standard).

Lemongrass is also an abundant source of antioxidants. These include swertia japonica, isoorientin, and chlorogenic acid. In a study, lemongrass oil was found to demonstrate high antioxidant capabilities using the TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) assay technique at 44.06 mg Trolox per 100mL of essential oil. Bacosides isolated from Brahmi, is a major source of antioxidants. Based on animal studies, bacosides have significant antioxidant activity on the hippocampus, frontal cortex and striatum of the brain.

Ginger extract as a whole and isolated 6-gingerol reported to have significant antioxidant activity on lipid peroxidation assay and UVB induced intracellular ROS in mice assay. Various natural bioactive compounds, such as mahanine, mahanimbine, isolongifolene, koenimbine, girinimbine, isomahanine, koenoline, and O-methyl murrayamine, are present in curry leaves and exhibit remarkable antioxidant properties. Terpenoid compositions of the rhizome of Kapur Kachi were found to possess antioxidant activity. The rhizome essential oils of Kapur Kachi were studied for their antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and effect on the chelating properties of Fe2+. The rhizome essential oil exhibited moderate to good Fe2+ chelating activity whereas the essential oil exhibited a completely different DPPH radical scavenging profile.

Essential oils from pudina and pudina extract both have been reported to be a great source for antioxidants, using inhibition of free radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β carotene/linoleic acid systems. Phenolic compounds in pudina are correlated with antioxidant activity. Shilajit showed free radical scavenging & antioxidant effect against SO3-, OH radical and paramagnetic nitric oxide (NO) depending on the concentration of Shilajit. The antioxidant effects were concentration-dependent. Higher concentrations of processed Shilajit provided greater free radical protection.

Anti-inflammatory Effect- Sesquiterpene lactones especially helenalin, phytoconstituent of arnica, when compared marketed anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid. These lactones were observed to significantly decrease NFKappaB- medication inflammation and also found to penetrate the skin easily. Arnica 6c, a formulation of arnica extract, is reported to significantly decrease inflammation and pain in animal models, rat, utilizing carrageenan and paw oedema techniques. A randomized, double-blind reported significant effect of arnica topical gel, rich in helenalin, 11,13-dihydrohelenalin and its esters, on pain and inflammation on osteoarthritis patients when compared to NSAIDs. This study indicated both anti-inflammatory and skin penetration of arnica and its compounds. Amla extract was evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects on Sprague-Dawley rats by using cotton pellet and carrageenan methods. They were to significantly decrease inflammation and inflammatory factors involved.

Bhringraj extract was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity on paw oedema and carrageenan models of animal study, they were reported to have significantly reduced inflammation and inflammatory factors. Furthermore, α-amyrin from Bhringraj extract was isolated and was reported to have significant anti-inflammatory activity. Neem leaf extract (200mg/kg, p.o) was found to have a significant anti-inflammatory effect in cotton pellet granuloma assay in rats. Nimbin, a constituent of neem, was found to suppress the function of macrophages and neutrophil, an important component of the inflammatory process. Essential oil isolated from hibiscus exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity Lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 200 ug/mL of dose leads to 67.46% inhibition of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

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Citral and geraniol are the two primary compounds found in lemongrass which are responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cell activities. A study which supports this found that lemongrass can inhibit the release of an inflammation-inducing compound, myeloperoxidase, from white blood cells. In mice, it was found to suppress the production of two compounds in white blood cells macrophages that contribute to inflammatory reactions. Oleoresin, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 6-hydro shogaol; isolated from ginger were analyzed for their anti-inflammatory activity. They were found to decrease the production of nitric oxide, an important inflammatory mediator. An anti-inflammatory effect was observed in an Animal study which shows that when rats treated with a single dose of fenugreek extract (100 or 200 mg/kg). Inhibition of inflammatory swelling was 45% and 62% in the lower and higher dose groups, respectively, compared with 100% in untreated animals.

A study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of an extract of curry leaves rich in carbazole alkaloids against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. The activity of inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), and p65-NFκB was significantly reduced by the hydroalcoholic extract of M. koenigii. Also, the hydroalcoholic extract of curry leaves reduced the expression of nitrotyrosine (NT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), IL-1β, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and increased the expression of Nrf2. Another study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of an extract of curry leaves and its bioactive compound girinimbine against lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-induced RAW 264.7 cells.

The girinimbine showed reduced levels of NO overproduction and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels IL-1β and TNF-α in the peritoneal fluid. These findings strongly suggest that girinimbine could act as an anti-inflammatory agent by suppressing inflammation. Another study also confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of curry leaf extract. Bioactive compounds like murrayakonine A, O-methyl murrayamine A, and mukolidine were reported for their efficiency in inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 release in LPS-induced inflammation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

The benzene extract of rhizome of Kapur Kachi possessed significant analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice whereas 50% ethanol and hexane extracts of rhizome were found to possess significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema in mice.

The anti-inflammatory activities of hederagenin and crude saponin isolated from Reetha were investigated utilizing carrageenan-induced oedema, granuloma pouch and adjuvant arthritis in rats. The effects of these agents on vascular permeability and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice were also examined. In some experiments, the results were compared with those obtained with saikogenin A, crude platycodin, platycodigenin and oleanolic acid. While hederagenin and the other agents used showed activity only when administered i. p. Hederagenin, 100 and 200 mg/kg p. o. per day for 7 days, showed no significant inhibitory effect on granuloma and exudate formations in rats, while crude saponin, 100 and 200 mg/kg p. o. showed significant effects. Crude saponin, 200 mg/kg p. o. per day for 21 days, significantly inhibited the development of hind paw oedema associated with adjuvant arthritis in rats, but hederagenin, 50-200 mg/kg p. o. did not. Crude saponin, 400 mg/kg p. o. inhibited the increase in vascular permeability and the number of writhing induced by acetic acid in mice. The results suggest that hederagenin and crude saponin, as well as the other agents used, show some degree of anti-inflammatory activity, especially in the case of saponin.

Shilajit is a very powerful anti-inflammatory agent. It has been shown to reduce acute chemically induced oedema by 77%. The antioxidant properties also help to prevent inflammation. Orally administered Shilajit (50 mg/kg) induced significant anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced pedal oedema.

Hair-Growth Promoting Effect- A study was conducted on 6 men, with male pattern baldness, for the efficacy of Arnica in combination with Aqua ammonia in the formulation for 2-6 months. The study reported a significant increase in hair growth, promoted hair follicle, reduced hair fall and strengthened hair. Amla oil was investigated for its beneficial effects on hair loss, it is reported that amla oil nourishes and conditions the scalp and promotes strong healthy and shiny hair. It was found to be working by inhibiting 5-α reductase. 1% leaf and flower extract of hibiscus were evaluated in vivo and in vitro for its hair growth-promoting activity on albino rat. The study concluded that hibiscus has potential for hair regrowth by acting on phases of growth cycle with leaf extract found to be more potent when compared to flower extract. Shikakai extract has been found to promote hair growth, also it’s used as a natural dye.

The hexane extract of the rhizomes of Kapur Kachi yielded two known compounds, pentadecane, and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate. The crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds showed hair growth property. study investigated the effect of peppermint oil on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice. The animals were randomized into 4 groups based on different topical applications: saline (SA), jojoba oil (JO), 3% minoxidil (MXD), and 3% peppermint oil (PEO). The hair growth effects of the 4-week topical applications were evaluated in terms of hair growth, histological analysis, the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), known bio-markers for the enhanced hair growth. Of the 4 experimental groups, the PEO group showed the most prominent hair growth effects; a significant increase in dermal thickness, follicle number, and follicle depth. ALP activity and IGF-1 expression also significantly increased in the PEO group.

Reetha fruit is rich in vitamin A, D, E, K, saponin, sugars¸ fatty acids and mucilage. Reetha extract is useful for the promotion of hair growth and reduced dandruff. Extract of fruit coat acts as a natural shampoo, therefore is used in herbal shampoos in the form of hair cleanser. Reetha as soap nuts or washing nuts plays an important role as natural hair care products since olden times. This plant is enriched with saponins, which makes the hair healthy, shiny, and lustrous when used regularly. Senna is also called natural henna. Sennosides A and B are the principal constituents of Senna, traditionally used as a laxative. Seena is usually given with henna when used as a hair product. Henna seems to be enhancing Senna penetration in the skin. Senna has a cleansing and nourishing effect on hair thus promoting hair growth.

Effect on Anagen Phase- Bhringraj in combination with hibiscus and jatamansi is a polyherbal oil was found to have excellent hair growth activity in Wister albino rat and a greater number of hair were recorded to be in anagen phase. Bhringraj extract was also tested on rats, that was incorporated in an oleaginous cream. The cream was found to be effective in promoting hair growth and it was found that a greater number of hair follicles were in anagen phase. Brahmi in combination with amla and Nagarmoth was formulated in herbal oil and when tested on rats, in comparison with standard 2% MINOXIDIL. It was reported that the formulation gave best results by showing an enlargement of follicular size and prolongation to anagen phase.

A strong list of evidence for individual ingredients present in Misters.in Hair Pack for men and how they aid in hair loss and promote hair growth strengthen the claims of the products.